Monday, October 26, 2009

TFY Ch8 Exercise

Thinking for Yourself Chapter 8 Discovery Exercises Page 218.

1. Viewpoint : The position of the camera in relation to the subject.

2. Point of view : the perspective from which a story is told.

3. Attitude : a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways.

4. Bias : influence in an unfair way, a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation.

5. Perspective : Perspective may mean: Literally, in visual topics:
 Perspective (visual), is the way in which objects appear to the eye. Perspective (graphical), means to represent the effects of visual perspective in drawings.

6. Frame of reference : A frame of reference is a particular perspective from which the universe is observed. Specifically, in physics, it refers to a provided set of axes from which an observer can measure the position and motion of all points in a system, as well as the orientation of objects in it.

7. Opinion : a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

TFY Ch8 Summary

TFYCh 8 Viewpoints: What’s the filter?

In Critical Thinking it is important to always understand what you are reading. This may sound obvious but there are times when one can read some thing but not fully understand its meaning. You must be able to understand the writer view point, what are they assuming, what do they want the readers to believe after they have read there work. Once you understand where the writer is coming from and what their focus is you can go on to form your own opinions and ideas. Now you can use critically thinking to look at all different aspects of the writing because you have first seen it in all angles.

TFY Ch7 EXercise

TFY Chapter 7

Discovery Exercises Page 196

Judge - determine the result of (a competition), a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice.
Appraise - to estimate the value of real estate.

Estimate - an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; "an estimate of what it would cost"; "a rough idea how long it would take".
Value - a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable.

Evaluate - In this final stage of multimedia development, the focus is on evaluating the presentations effectiveness in light of its purpose and the assessment context.

TFY Ch7 Summary

TFY Ch7 Evaluations What’s Judged?

Evaluations make judgments about worth on the basis of standards that may be conscious or unconscious. It can help us react quickly to situation where our survival is a stake. Evaluations are not facts. Factual reports keep the distinction between facts and evaluations clear.
Propaganda employs many sophisticated manipulative techniques of persuasion. One of these is the use of hidden evaluations. A critical thinker knows how to recognize and detach from the influence of propaganda.
Connotative words convey evaluations that can be used to sway our opinions. When we think critical

CRCB Ch7 Exercise

CRCB Exercise Chapter 7

Inferring an Author’s Meaning

1. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
You are better off keeping what you have than risking losing it in the hope of getting more.

2. A penny saved is penny earned.
If you save money, you earn money

3. Time heals all wounds.
Eventually things will get better.

4. Give a man a fish and he’ll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he’ll eat for lifetime.
Don’t just give people stuff, make them work for it.


Exercise 7b)

Determining an Author’s Purpose

to inform
to persuade you
to inform
entertain
to inform

CRCB Ch7 Summary

CRCB Ch7 Using Inference to Identify Implied Main Ideas

This chapter explaining to fully understand a reading assignment, For example, what is inference? Inference is the process of thinking making assumptions and drawing conclusions about information. What we see, what we read, when an author’s opinions or ideas that are directly or indirectly implied in a reading stated materials.

TFY Ch6 Exercise

TFY Chapter 6 Quiz Page 187

1. T- Expert opinion calculates the risk involved in spacing the gap between the known and the unknown for a particular situation.
2. F-Giving advice is not a way of offering an opinion.
3. F- The result of public opinion polls are equivalent to votes in elections.

4. T- Opinions in the forms of judgments state what is right and wrong, bed and good.

5. T- Some opinion are based on generalizations, such as stereotype, as in the statement " All Chinese look alike."

6. F- Responsible opinions are based on a careful examination of the evidence.

7. F- Opinion are the same as facts.

8. T- Gossip is opinion sharing without any requirement for substantiation.

9. F- Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion because all opinion carry equal value. 

10. T- Prevailing sentiment refers to popular opinion that changes with the times.

TFY Ch6 Summary

TFY
Chapter 6 Opinions: what’s Believed?

Opinions are one of the few things that are based clearly on an individual personal ideas and thoughts. It’s what makes us different from one another. If everybody had the same opinions perhaps we would live in a much more peaceful world, but it would be so boring everybody would view everything in the same way not much would have been accomplished. Opinions can be formed in so many different ways and for different reasons. One way can be based on taste for example some people may like the way something taste while others may despise. Another example would be more of an educated opinion such as individual who studies a certain scientific procedure may come up with a theory of what going to happen or why it happen, which will most likely be different that what another scientist may think.

CRCB Ch6 Summary

CRCB

Chapter 6. Finding Supporting Details

It is very important to locate the main idea and the major supporting details in a reading assignment are the foundation of college reading. The authors use details to help reads understand the supporting details. As privacy stated, major supporting details provide support for the main idea of a reading. They are commonly presented in the form of examples illustrations, explanations, definitions, facts of opinions. They typically answer who, what, when, how, and why? Minor supporting details are intended to clarify and enhance the major supporting details and are not usually considered as important. However some of them are significant and useful. It is important to prioritize details.

Once you identify the main ideas of on your reading material, you can divide the rest of the material into two categories major and main supporting details. If you are able to distinguish between the major and main supporting details, in your reading materials, it means you have understood what you have reading.

TFY Ch5 Exercise

TFY Ch5 Exercise Page 145.

What is an Assumption?

Using at least two dictionaries, write your own definition of assumption.

Assumptions-premise: a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"; a hypothesis that is taken for granted; "any society is built upon certain assumptions" the act of taking possession of or power over something; "his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of power in 1934"; "he acquired all the company's assets for ten million dollars and the assumption of the company's debts"


Chapter Quiz Page 163

1. When we articulate hidden assumptions, we simply read what we find in print before us. - T
2. A good argument invariably contains a few hidden assumptions. – T
3. A value assumption is a belief assumed to be true and shared by everyone. - T
4. “Can you belive it? She is twenty-three years old and not even thinking of getting married.” This statement, mady be a Puerto Rican mother, contains no valule assumption. - T
5. Assumptions are often recognized only in retrospect because of the problems they cause. – T
6. In mathematics, conscious assumptions are called axioms. –T
7. A. conscious assumption can be used as a strategy to lead us to new information. If a child does not come home from school at the usual time, we might first decide to call the homes of the child’s friends; if that turns up no information, we might call the police – T
8. Stereotypes contain no assumption. – T
9. To be uncomfortable is to be in disequilibrium. Thinking through a problem restores the comfort of our mental equilibrium. - T
10. Incongruities can provoke us into thinking in order to resolve their conflict with our assumptions and expectations. T

TFY Ch5 Summary

TFY Ch5 Assumption

Assumption is a pre-existing belief, for example it would be wise to assume that walking the streets of Oakland at night souls be unsafe. Assumptions may also sprout from experiences such as, every time I walk passed by neighbors house there dog barks, so from then on I know when I go passed there front yard I am going to hear a barking dog.
Assumption and Inference are deeply intertwined, our assumptions come from our belief our inference comes form our assumptions this basics of how human nature comes up with logical reasoning.

CRCB Ch5 Exercise

CRCB Chapter 5 Exercise

a) General and Specific Ideas

1. cars
2. genetics
3. majors
4. matter
5. religions
6. research

5b) Identifying Topics

1. topic: holidays
2. poets
3. word games
4. health
5. information
6. teeth

5c) Identifying Topics in Paragraphs

1. Topic: value
2. appearance
3. advertising


5d) Questioning Yourself

1. Topic: America and women
2. aging
3. history of the earth
4. prostitution
5. car models
6. magic

5e) Finding Main ideas Using Word Clues

1.
find yourself at the mercy of your children in regards to computer technology lack of computer knowledge

2.
human expansion threatens the biosphere
example: humans clear forest or grasslands in order to provide for their own kind

3.
Clinton’s inauguration shares Martin Luther King Jr.’s view on racial equality but not on violence
Clinton and Martin Luther King Jr. represent very different social philosophies


5f) General and Specific Statements

1. b. The Catholic and Jewish religions have many followers.
2. b. The black widow is venomous spider with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the underside of its abdomen.
3. b. Piaget theorized that all children go through similar stages of cognitive development, each stage predicted by the child’s age.
4. b. The fatty tissue in our body supports organs, pads them from injury, and helps the body to retain heat.
5. a. A fallacy is an error in reasoning.
6. a. Children of all ages like video games.

CRCB Ch5 Summary

CRCB

Chapter 5. Locating Stated Main Ideas

In most cases the main idea of the text being presented is going to be found in the introductory paragraph. You will also find a jumper of aid points around the main idea supporting it. The main idea will also be what are mostly discuses through out the body of the paper. When you have completed read the test skim over what have read.

TFY Ch4 Exercise

TFY Ch4 Quiz Page 107

Reasoning - act of using reason to derive a conclusion from certain premises. There are two main methods to reach a conclusion. One is deductive reasoning, in which given true premises, the conclusion must follow (the conclusion cannot be false). This sort of reasoning is non-ampliative - it does not increase one's knowledge base, since the conclusion is self-contained in the premises. A classical example of deductive reasoning are syllogism.

Conclusion - decision: a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration; "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"; "his conclusion took the evidence into account"; "satisfied with the panel's determination"; an intuitive assumption; "jump to a conclusion".

Guess - think: expect, believe, or suppose; put forward, of a guess, in spite of possible refutation.


Explanation - a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.


Imagine - form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case.

Infer-deduce: reason by deduction; establish by deduction.


Inference - the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation.


Interpret - make sense of; assign a meaning to; "What message do you see in this letter?"; "How do you interpret his behavior?"

TFY Ch4 Summary

TFY Ch4 Inference: What Follows?

Inference thinking is natural to humans, if some one walks up to us with a gun in there hand we are going to assume they mean us harm. Inference is a way of gathering information, due to other things that may give to the ultimate finding. It is important to remember that inference is not factual. Just because one may infer something is going to happen, it may not happen at all, the exact opposite might happen

CRCB Ch4 Summary

CRCB Ch 4.

Time is not the only criterion used in judging reading efficiency in college. It is not even most important one. Efficient reading can be defined as being able to read and comprehend textbook material in an appropriate amount of time for you.
Deciding what an appropriate amount of time is for you depends on many factors. It is related to how much time you actually have available to read for each course, the level of difficult of the textbook material, and the grade you want to earn in a course.
How to manage your reading is more important than learning how to read rapidly. Always make comprehension your primary goal: reading efficiently the first time through is often faster. If you make speed your priority, you may finish more quickly, but understand less. As a result, you may have to reread material before a test in order to understand and remember it, which is time-consuming.
Track your reading rates so you can create daily reading plans that set realistic goals for your classes each week. After using a study schedule and daily reading plans for several weeks, you will find that you begin to complete your reading assignments on time. Your reading comprehension will also improve, and you may even read a little faster. The reading tips suggested in this chapter that will contribute to your becoming a more efficient reader are: reading quickly when appropriate, skimming, regressing or rereading ,sub vocalizing, pacing.

TFY Ch3 Exercise

TFY Ch3

Exercise P 76

Definition:

Know: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about; know how to do or perform something.


Certain: having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty;
established beyond doubt or question; definitely known.

Verified: corroborated: supported or established by evidence or proof.


Existence: being: the state or fact of existing; is an ontological topic par excellence.

Real: being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory.


Fact: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.

Chapter Quiz p94

1. Some facts can be determined by measurements - T
2. Some facts can be confirmed by the senses, others by recordss. - T
3. The most reliable facts are those that have been repeatedly confirmed b tests over time. - T
4. Facts often consist of obvous details that are seen but not consciously recognized. - T
5. Sometimes what we claim to be facts are untrue because the human perceptions used to determine them are limied and fallible. - T
6. A person educated in critical thinking qualifies statements to reflect probabilities and uncertainties using provisional pharases such as "it appers that..."
7. The only standards we use to determine facts are verifiability, reliability, plausibility, and credibility. - T
8. The study of many subjects consists of memorizing facts, because they are the nearest things we have to certainties. - T
9. All newspapers can be depended upon as reliable sources of facts about world events. - T
10. An atmosphere that permits disagreements about sidely accepted perceptions and beliefs helps critical thinking to flourish. - T

TFY Ch3 Summary

TFY Ch3

In critical thinking we must evaluate all parts of a situation before coming to a final conclusion. We must observe all that surrounds our argument otherwise how can one come to a educate conclusion. You must not only look for facts that are present but also facts that are not there, narrowing down what it truth from foe. When taking observation you must know the difference between a reliable observation and an unreliable observation. It is also important while collecting all this data to not allow it to sway your judgment because it is an ongoing process, keep an open mind until you have the full picture in front of you.

CRCB Ch3 Exercise

CRCB
Exercise Chapter 3

3a) Memory Survey

1. My use of concentration strategies affects how well I remember information. Yes

2. I relate previously learned information to the information I’m currently learning. Yes

3. I really don’t have to understand information in order to remember it. No

4. I review my textbook only before an exam, reviewing more frequently is unnecessary. No

5. I have trouble understanding and remembering information that contains technical vocabulary. Yes

6. I know why I sometimes forget what I read. Yes

7. I use mnemonic techniques to help me recall what I learned. No

8. Using mnemonic techniques is all you need to know about memorizing textbook material. Yes

9. When learning new and difficult information, I read out loud. Yes

10. I make a conscious effort to organize textbook information in my head, on paper, or with other students. Yes


Exercise 3e)

Organization for Retrieval

Set 1

Name a bird beginning with the letter B bluebird

Name an animal beginning with letter C cow

Name a fruit beginning with letter P pineapple

Name a country beginning with the letter G Ghana

Name a boy’s name beginning with the letter M Mark

Name a girl’s name beginning with the letter J Jane

Name a weapon beginning with the letter S sharp shouter

Name a vegetable beginning with the letter P pumpkin

Name a class fairytale beginning with the letter C Cinderella

Name a flower beginning with the letter P pansy


Set 2

Name a bird ending with the letter W sparrow

Name an animal ending with the letter G dog

Name a fruit ending with the letter H peach

Name a country ending with Y Turcky

Name a boy’s name ending with the letter N Ben

Name a girl’s name ending with the letter E Julie

Name a weapon ending with he letter W crossbow

Name a vegetable ending with the letter T carrot

Name a classic fairytale ending with the letter E Snow White

Name a flower ending with the letter T violet

CRCB Ch3 Summary

CRCB

Chapter 3. Remembering What You Read

Memory

In Memory, our brain works as an storage information so that you can recall information. Sensory memory is the storage of information which requires 5 senses in order for the brain to work. Through observation messages are being transmitted to the brain which able to start recall the events or happening within our surroundings. Short term memory.This means that our brain can only recall for a short period of time. Our brain has the capacity to recall not all information in the brain. Chunking is useful in short term memory because it shows the technique or keywords to be able to understand very well so that our brain can recall information. Long term memory - This means that our brain has the huge capacity to recall information for a long period of time. Rote learning - is the reduncy or repeating word by word that has written in the books, journal, and other periodical without comprehending. Matrix - helps you recall information by understanding the data

CRCB Ch2 Exercise

CRCB Chapter 2 Exercise

Exercise 2a)

1. The child was able to assuage his irate father with a smile and a small kiss on this cheek. A grin slowly replaced the father's angry frown. Answer: b. Soothe

2. She was so overcome with joy by the birth of her baby that she was able to say nothing other than that the whole experience was simply ineffable. Answer: c. Incapable of being expressed in words.

3. Most of us eventually reach our goals, but life's path to success is often a circuitous one. Answer: a. Straight and certain.

4. The preacher took a pedagogic approach with his sermon, hoping that those attending would learn something meaningful from it. Answer: a. Instructional

5. Although teaching is not a lucrative profession, I know that I wouldn't want to do anything else. Helping others learn is far more important to me than money. Answer: c. well paying

6. Buying a lottery ticket is a very capricious way to plan for your future. The chances of winning are 1 in 10,000,000. Answer: d. Unpredictable


Exercise 2b)

1. Alcoholism exacts a horrible toll on the drinker and on the drinker family, but the damage doesn't stop there. Drunk driving, workplace losses, and overburdened health care systems are only some of the larger-scale loss issues related to alcohol abuse. The search of effective methods of interventions has never been more intense. Answer: b. Forces.

2. The natural circadian rhythm of most animals, including humans, is 25 to 26 hours, but our internal clocks easily adapt to the 24-hours rhythms (light, sounds, warmth) of the turning earth. When we are isolated from environmental cues, our sleep/wake cycles continue to be rather constant but slightly longer than 24 hours. Answer: b. Seasonal cycles.

3. When the Commissioner of Indian Affairs took office in 1933, he vowed to defend Indian rights. The conciliatory attitudes of the Commissioner and the Indian Office, regarding Indian rights, conformed to legal precedents established by state and federal courts.
Answer: b. Agreeable, accommodating.

4. Our own daily rhythms can become desynchronized when we take a cross-country or transoceanic flight. If you fly from Los Angeles to New York and then go to bed at 11 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, you may have trouble falling asleep because your body is still on West Coast time. Answer: broken or full apart

5. If my argument so far has been sound, neither our distance from a preventable evil nor the number of other people who, in respect to that evil, are in the same situation as we are, lessens our obligation to mitigate or prevent that evil. I shall therefore take as established the principle I asserted earlier. As I have already said, I need to assert it only in its qualified form: if it is in our power to prevent something very bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything else morally significant, we ought, morally, to do it. Answer: seize; stop

CRCB Ch2 Summary

CRCB

CBCR Ch2. Developing your College Vocabulary

Building vocabulary is one of the most significant impacts on student Achievement, by expanding your vocabulary, you increase your understanding. In knowledge, you also express your ability to speak and write freely. Enhancing you vocabulary allows you to communicate effectively. Reading is an important way to learn new words and in rich your vocabulary in daily life, by writing a journal on regular basis you will improve, building your vocabulary significantly.

CRCB Ch1 Summary

CRCB

Chapter 1. Reading in College

Learning styles and Techniques:

Learning styles and techniques for improving learning ability, Reading is learning Process by using many different strategies your learning styles ability will greatly. Enhanced, these techniques will help you to improve your college reading and learning

Monday, October 5, 2009